![]() It is ‘an aberration from any normal course of politics or “civilisation”’, while the ‘idea of “global” civil war carries with it an idea of universal humanity’. ![]() Civil war for him is an armed conflict between populations that share a heritage of common values, which suggests the possibility of peace and reunification. The historian David Armitage has investigated the concept of civil war, starting from the Roman empire. The Nobel Peace Prize recognition awarded to the European Union in 2012, for having transformed a continent of war into a continent of peace, seems unjustified today. The Russo-Ukrainian war is becoming chronic and the spectre of a world war can be glimpsed on the horizon: the west against Russia, China and other allies. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has reopened those wounds. The process of European unification was based on a widespread sentiment: no more wars in Europe. The first and second world wars have been considered by many intellectuals and politicians ‘European civil wars’. ![]() Protesters at the Brandenburg Gate-for decades the symbol of Germany’s and Europe’s cold-war divide-on the day of the Russian invasion last year (Pani Garmyder / ) ![]()
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